See clawen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "clawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English clawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klawjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klawjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "clawe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "clawe + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English clawan, clāwan, *clēn, clawian, from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną; equivalent to clawe + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "claweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "clewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "claweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clawede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "claweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clawynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yclawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yclawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clawy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "clowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "clawyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cleen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "clawen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "claw",
"s2": "clew",
"s3": "clew",
"s4": "claw",
"sc": "7"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 28 13 12 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 15 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 47 11 11 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 54 9 9 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 59 10 7 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "enm:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To scratch at with the claws; to claw or make lacerations."
],
"id": "en-clawen-enm-verb-5QxM~7LU",
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"claw",
"claw"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 28 13 12 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 15 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To scratch gently (as to remove pain or aching)."
],
"id": "en-clawen-enm-verb-7n7WXoew",
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 28 13 12 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 15 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grab onto; to make a grip on something."
],
"id": "en-clawen-enm-verb-3bJKHkS4",
"links": [
[
"grip",
"grip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To grab onto; to make a grip on something."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 28 13 12 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 15 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To flatter; to butter up."
],
"id": "en-clawen-enm-verb-Eqp3wpUq",
"links": [
[
"flatter",
"flatter"
],
[
"butter up",
"butter up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To flatter; to butter up."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 28 13 12 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 15 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wipe or remove dirt by abrasion."
],
"id": "en-clawen-enm-verb-fWyhK2dN",
"links": [
[
"abrasion",
"abrasion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To wipe or remove dirt by abrasion."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈklau̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈklɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkleːn/"
}
],
"word": "clawen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "clawe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "clawe + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From clawe + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "clawen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 28 13 12 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 14 13 9 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "clawe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of clawe"
],
"id": "en-clawen-enm-noun-jkiFzsxy",
"links": [
[
"clawe",
"clawe#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "clawen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal body parts"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "claw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "claw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "clawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English clawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klawjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klawjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "clawe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "clawe + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English clawan, clāwan, *clēn, clawian, from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną; equivalent to clawe + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "claweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "clewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "claweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clawede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "claweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clawynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yclawed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yclawen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clawy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "clawe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "clowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "clawyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cleen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "clawen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "claw",
"s2": "clew",
"s3": "clew",
"s4": "claw",
"sc": "7"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To scratch at with the claws; to claw or make lacerations."
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"claw",
"claw"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To scratch gently (as to remove pain or aching)."
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To grab onto; to make a grip on something."
],
"links": [
[
"grip",
"grip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To grab onto; to make a grip on something."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To flatter; to butter up."
],
"links": [
[
"flatter",
"flatter"
],
[
"butter up",
"butter up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To flatter; to butter up."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To wipe or remove dirt by abrasion."
],
"links": [
[
"abrasion",
"abrasion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To wipe or remove dirt by abrasion."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈklau̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈklɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkleːn/"
}
],
"word": "clawen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal body parts"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "clawe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "clawe + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From clawe + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "clawen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "clawe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of clawe"
],
"links": [
[
"clawe",
"clawe#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "clawen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for clawen meaning in Middle English (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.